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Cytotoxin

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Density

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Decomposition

Definition

• Decomposition is the breakdown or change of a material or substance (by heat, chemical reaction, or other processes) into other chemical compounds.

  Just as a piece of food (which is really just a collection of many chemicals) can spoil or rot (see biodegradable), so can certain chemical substances or mixtures.

  For example, when glucose (a form of sugar) is burned in air, it decomposes into carbon dioxide and water (this is also an example of a combustion reaction):

  

MSDS Relevance

Decomposition can have many effects, each of which is potentially hazardous:
1. New substances may be formed, some or all of which are explosive, flammable or toxic.
2. Decomposition may result in the release of a large amount of heat, possibly resulting in a fire or explosion. The phrase "explosive decomposition" may appear on the MSDS.
3. Partial decomposition can introduce toxins or other unstable materials as well as degrade the physical properties of the material.
4. Polymerization of the material may occur, changing an easily handled liquid into an insoluble solid.

Further Reading

The American Chemical Society's journal Chemical & Engineering News maintains a list of Safety Letters concerning materials involved in unexpected explosive decompositions. The UK's Health & Safety Directorate has a writeup on Explosions in Warehouses as part of a comprehensive guide to chemical warehouses. An animated gif version of everyone's favorite contact explosive, nitrogen triiodide. A list of shock sensitive materials courtesy of DePauw U Environmental Health & Safety. See also: HMIS, incompatible chemicals, peroxide, polymerization. Additional definitions from Google and OneLook.

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Disclaimer: The information contained herein is believed to be true and accurate, however ILPI makes no guarantees concerning the veracity of any statement. Use of any information on this page is at the reader's own risk. ILPI strongly encourages the reader to consult the appropriate local, state and federal agencies concerning the matters discussed herein.