The MSDS HyperGlossary: Precautionary Statements

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Precautionary Statements (P-Statements)

Definition

Precautionary Statements (P-Statements) are part of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Precautionary statements provide standardized wording and/or pictograms to describe recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposures to a hazardous product, or improper storage, handling, or disposal of a hazardous product.

The GHS also has Hazard Statements which provide standardized hazard wordings. You will usually find both P- and H-statements on a label or Safety Data Sheet.

In the European Union, P-statements have replaced Safety phrases (S-phrases) with the adoption of the GHS under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (20 MB PDF file).

Additional Info

Precautionary statements are assigned a unique numerical code which can be used as a handy reference when translating labels and SDS's written in other languages. The codes are not a substitute for writing out the entire text of the statement.

The codes have the form Pnxx where P stands for "Precautionary Statement", xx is a sequential numbering scheme, and the value of n refers to:

general precautionary statements
prevention precautionary statements
response precautionary statements
storage precautionary statements
disposal precautionary statements

Thus, a Safety Data Sheet or label might bear a statement such as "Pressurized container; Do not pierce or burn, even after use (P251)". P indicates a Precautionary Statement, the 2 indicates it is a prevention precautionary statement, and 51 is part of the numbering scheme.

General Precautionary Statement Codes, P1xx

Code	General Precautionary Statement	Hazard Class (GHS Chapter)	Conditions for Use
P101	If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.	as appropriate	Consumer Products
P102	Keep out of reach of children.	as appropriate	Consumer Products
P103	Read label before use.	as appropriate	Consumer Products

Prevention Precautionary Statement Codes, P2xx

Code	General Precautionary Statement	Hazard Class (GHS Chapter)	Hazard Category	Conditions for Use
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.	Explosives (Chapter 2.1)	Unstable explosive
		Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity, effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additonal Category

P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.	Explosives (Chapter 2.1)	Unstable explosive
		Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2

P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.	Explosives (Chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
		Flammable gases (chapter 2.2)	1, 2
		Flammable aerosols (chapter 2.3)	1, 2
		Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3
		Flammable solids (chapter 2.7)	1, 2
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
		Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	4	specify to keep away from flames and hot surfaces
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1, 2, 3	specify to keep away from heat
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1, 2, 3	specify to keep away from heat

P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.	Flammable aerosols (chapter 2.3)	1, 2

P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/.../combustible materials.	Oxidizing gases (chapter 2.4)	1	... Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify other incompatible materials
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	2, 3
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	2, 3
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1	- specify to keep away from clothing and other combustible materials.
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles/..	Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1, 2, 3	... Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify other incompatible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles/..	Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1, 2, 3

P222	Do not allow contact with air.	Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
P222	Do not allow contact with air.	Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1

P230	Keep wetted with ...	Explosives (Chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5	... Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify appropriate material. - if drying out increases explosion hazard, except as needed for manufacturing or operating processes (e.g. nitrocellulose).

P231	Handle under inert gas.	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3

P232	Protect from moisture.	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3

P233	Keep container tightly closed.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3	- if product is volatile so as to generate hazardous atmosphere.
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P234	Keep only in original container.	Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Substances and mixtures corrosive to metals (chapter 2.16)	1

P235	Keep cool.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Self-heating substances and mixtures (chapter 2.11)	1 ,2
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F

P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5	- If the explosive is electrostatically sensitive.
		Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3	- if electrostatically sensitive material is for reloading. - if product is volatile so as to generate hazardous atmosphere.
		Flammable solids (chapter 2.7)	1, 2	- if electrostatically sensitive material is for reloading.

P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/.../equipment.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify other equipment.
P241		Flammable solids (chapter 2.7)	1, 2	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify other equipment. - if dust clouds can occur.

P242	Use only non-sparking tools.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3

P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3

P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/.../friction.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify applicable rough handling.

P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.	Flammable aerosols (chapter 2.3)	1,2

P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.	Acute toxicity - inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2	Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify applicable conditions
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1, 2
		Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure (chapter 3.9)	1, 2
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C	- specify do not breathe dusts or mists - if inhalable particles of dusts or mists may occur during use.
		Reproductive toxicity - effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additional category

P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.	Acute toxicity - inhalation (chapter 3.1)	3, 4	Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify applicable conditions
		Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.	Acute toxicity - dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2

P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.	Reproductive toxicity - effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additional category

P264	Wash...thoroughly after handling	Acute toxicity - oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify parts of the body to be washed after handling.
		Acute toxicity - dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2
		Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B
		Reproductive toxicity - effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additional category
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1, 2
		Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure (chapter 3.9)	1

P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.	Acute toxicity - oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Acute toxicity - dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Reproductive toxicity - effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additional category
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1, 2
		Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure (chapter 3.9)	1

P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area	Acute toxicity - inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.9)	3

P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.	Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P273	Avoid release to the environment.	Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1, 2, 3	- if this is not the intended use
P273	Avoid release to the environment.	Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1, 2, 3, 4	- if this is not the intended use

P280	Wash...thoroughly after handling	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5	Specify face protection. Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify type of equipment.
		Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4	- Specify protective gloves and eye/face protection. Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify type of equipment.
		Flammable solids (chapter 2.7)	1, 2
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
		Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
		Self-heating substances and mixtures (chapter 2.11)	1, 2
		Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1, 2, 3
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Acute toxicity - dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4	- Specify protective gloves/clothing. Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify type of equipment
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C	- Specify protective gloves/clothing and eye/face protection. Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify type of equipment
		Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2	- Specify protective gloves. Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify type of equipment
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Severe eye damage (chapter 3.3)	1	- Specify eye/face protection. Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify type of equipment
		Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A

P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Unstable Explosives
		Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2

P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.	Gases under pressure (chapter 2.5)	Refrigerated liquefied gas

P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing	Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing	Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

P284	Wear respiratory protection.	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2	Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify equipment.

P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.	Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1	Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify equipment.

P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3

P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.	Self-heating substances and mixtures (chapter 2.11)	1, 2
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Response Precautionary Statement Codes, P3xx

Code	Response Precautionary Statement	Hazard Class (GHS Chapter)	Hazard Category	Conditions for Use
P301	IF SWALLOWED:	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Aspiration hazard (chapter 3.10)	1, 2

P303	IF ON SKIN:	Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
		Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P302	IF ON SKIN (or hair):	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3
P302	IF ON SKIN (or hair):	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C

P304	IF INHALED:	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4, 5
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P305	IF IN EYES:	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Severe eye damage (chapter 3.3)	1
		Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B

P306	IF ON CLOTHING:	Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:	Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

P307	IF exposed:	Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1

P308	IF exposed or concerned:	Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity, effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additional Category

P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:	Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	2

P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3
		Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Severe eye damage (chapter 3.3)	1
		>Aspiration hazard (chapter 3.10)	1, 2

P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	3
		Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1,2

P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	4
		Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	5
		Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	3, 4, 5
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	4
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	5
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P313	Get medical advice/attention.	Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2, 3
		Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity, effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additional category

P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.	Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure (chapter 3.8)	1, 2

P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.	Gases under pressure (chapter 2.5)	Refrigerated liquefied gas

P320	Specific treatment is urgent (see ... on this label).	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2	...Reference to supplemental first aid instruction. - if immediate administration of antidote is required.

P321	Specific treatment (see ... on this label).	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2	...Reference to supplemental first aid instruction. - if immediate administration of antidote is required.
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	3	...Reference to supplemental first aid instruction. - if immediate specific measures are required.
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C	...Reference to supplemental first aid instruction. - Manufacturer/supplier or competent authority may specify a cleansing agent if appropriate.
		Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1	...Reference to supplemental first aid instruction. - if immediate measures are required.

P322	Specific measures (see ... on this label).	Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2	...Reference to supplemental first aid instruction. - if immediate measures such as specific cleansing agent is advised.
P322	Specific measures (see ... on this label).	Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	3, 4

P330	Rinse mouth.	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
P330	Rinse mouth.	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C

P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.	>Aspiration hazard (chapter 3.10)	1, 2

P332	If skin irritation occurs:	Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:	Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.	Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
		Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
		Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2

P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.	Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2

P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.	Gases under pressure (chapter 2.5)	Refrigerated liquefied gas

P337	If eye irritation persists:	Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B

P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Severe eye damage (chapter 3.3)	1
		Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B

P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.	Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:	Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.	Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2

P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Severe eye damage (chapter 3.3)	1
		Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B

P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.	Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	3, 4
		Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C

P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.	Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
P360		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3
		Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C

P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.	Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2

P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.	Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3
		Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	4
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P370	In case of fire:	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
		Oxidizing gases (chapter 2.4)	1
		Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Flammable solids (chapter 2.7)	1, 2
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
		Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
		Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1, 2, 3

P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:	Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:	Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Unstable explosives and Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5	- except if explosives are 1.4S AMMUNITION AND COMPONENTS THEREOF.


P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Unstable explosives and Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5	- except if explosives are 1.4S AMMUNITION AND COMPONENTS THEREOF.

P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Division 1.4	- if explosives are 1.4S AMMUNITION AND COMPONENTS THEREOF.

375	Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion	Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

P376	Stop leak if safe to do so.	Oxidizing gases (chapter 2.4)	1

P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.	Flammable gases (chapter 2.2)	1, 2

P378	Use ... for extinction.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify appropriate media - if water increases risk
		Flammable solids (chapter 2.7)	1, 2
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
		Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
		Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1, 2, 3

P380	Evacuate area.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Unstable explosives
		Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.	Flammable gases (chapter 2.2)	1, 2

P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.	Substances and mixtures corrosive to metals (chapter 2.16)	1

P391	Collect spillage.	Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1
P391	Collect spillage.	Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1,2

P391	Collect spillage.	Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1
P391	Collect spillage.	Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1,2

P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3
P301 + P310		>Aspiration hazard (chapter 3.10)	1,2

P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	4

P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C

P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.	Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1

P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.	Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2

P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.	Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	3, 4
		Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3
P303 + P361 + P353		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2	1A, 1B, 1C

P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	5

P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.	Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.	Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Severe eye damage (chapter 3.3)	1
		Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B

P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.	Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
P306 + P360		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1

P307 + P311	IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1

P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.	Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity, effects on or via lactation (chapter 3.7)	Additional category

P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	2

P332 + P313	If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/ attention.	Skin irritation (chapter 3.2)	2, 3

P333 + P313	If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.	Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.	Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
P335 + P334		Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2

P337 + P313	If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.	Eye irritation (chapter 3.3)	2A, 2B

P342 + P311	If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1

P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to do so.	Oxidizing gases (chapter 2.4)	1

P370 + P378	In case of fire: Use ... for extinction.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify appropriate media. - if water increases risk.
		Flammable solids (chapter 2.7)	1, 2
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1
		Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1
		Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1, 2, 3

P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area.	Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B

P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.	Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1
P371 + P380 + P375		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1
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Storage Precautionary Statement Codes, P4xx

Code	Storage Precautionary Statement	Hazard Class (GHS Chapter)	Hazard Category	Conditions for Use
P401	Store ...	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Unstable explosives and Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5	...in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations (to be specified).

P402	Store in a dry place.	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3

P403	Store in a dry place.	Flammable gases (chapter 2.2)	1, 2
		Oxidizing gases (chapter 2.4)	1
		Gases under pressure (chapter 2.5)	Compressed gas
			Liquefied gas
			Refrigerated Liquefied gas
			Dissolved gas
		Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3	- if product is volatile so as to generate hazardous atmosphere.
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P404	Store in a closed container.	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3

P405	Store locked up.	Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3
		Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1, 2
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3
		>Aspiration hazard (chapter 3.10)	1, 2

P406	Store in corrosive resistant/... container with a resistant inner liner.	Substances and mixtures corrosive to metals (chapter 2.16)	1, 2, 3	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify other compatible materials.

P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.	Self-heating substances and mixtures (chapter 2.11)	1, 2

P410	Protect from sunlight.	Flammable aerosols (chapter 2.3)	1, 2
		Gases under pressure (chapter 2.5)	Compressed gas
			Liquefied gas
			Dissolved gas
		Self-heating substances and mixtures (chapter 2.11)	1, 2
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F

P411	Store at temperatures not exceeding ...°C/...°F.	Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify temperature.
P411	Store at temperatures not exceeding ...°C/...°F.	Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F

P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 °C/ 122 °F.	Flammable aerosols (chapter 2.3)	1, 2

P413	Store bulk masses greater than ... kg/... lbs at temperatures not exceeding ...°C/...°F.	Self-heating substances and mixtures (chapter 2.11)	1, 2	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify mass and temperature.

P420	Store away from other materials.	Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Self-heating substances and mixtures (chapter 2.11)	1,2
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F

P420	Store contents under ...	Pyrophoric liquids (chapter 2.9)	1	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify appropriate liquid or inert gas.
P420	Store contents under ...	Pyrophoric solids (chapter 2.10)	1

P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3

P404 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.	Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3	- if product is volatile so as to generate hazardous atmosphere.
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3

P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.	Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.	Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F

P410 + P2403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.	Gases under pressure (chapter 2.5)	Compressed gas
			Liquefied gas
			Dissolved gas

P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 °C/122 °F.	Flammable aerosols (chapter 2.3)	1, 2

P411 + P235	Store at temperatures not exceeding ... °C/... °F. Keep cool.	Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F	...Manufacturer/supplier or the competent authority to specify temperature.
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Disposal Precautionary Statement Codes, P5xx

Code	Storage Precautionary Statement	Hazard Class (GHS Chapter)	Hazard Category	Conditions for Use
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...	Explosives (chapter 2.1)	Unstable explosives and Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5	...in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulation (to be specified).
		Flammable liquids (chapter 2.6)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Self-reactive substances and mixtures (chapter 2.8)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (chapter 2.12)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing liquids (chapter 2.13)	1, 2, 3
		Oxidizing solids (chapter 2.14)	1, 2, 3
		Organic peroxides (chapter 2.15)	Types A, B, C, D, E, F
		Acute toxicity, oral (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Acute toxicity, dermal (chapter 3.1)	1, 2, 3, 4
		Acute toxicity, inhalation (chapter 3.1)	1, 2
		Skin corrosion (chapter 3.2)	1A, 1B, 1C
		Respiratory sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Skin sensitization (chapter 3.4)	1
		Germ cell mutagenicity (chapter 3.5)	1A, 1B, 2
		Carcinogenicity (chapter 3.6)	1A, 1B, 2
		Reproductive toxicity (chapter 3.7)	1A, 1B, 2
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure (chapter 3.8)	1, 2
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; respiratory tract irritation (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; narcotic effects (chapter 3.8)	3
		Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure (chapter 3.9)	1,2
		>Aspiration hazard (chapter 3.10)	1, 2
		Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1, 2, 3
		Hazardous to the aquatic environment, chronic toxicity (chapter 4.1)	1, 2, 3, 4

SDS Relevance

The US, Europe, and numerous other countries have adopted the Globally Harmonized System, which requires manufacturers and importers of potentially hazardous chemicals to perform a hazard classification of the materials they sell or import.

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If that process, required under Paragraph (d) of 29 CFR 1910.1200, the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS 2012), indicates a potential hazard, it must be disclosed by both P- and H-statements (if necessary) on both the Safety Data Sheet (see paragraph (g)) and the label (see paragraph (f)).

Per Appendix D of HCS 2012, the H- and P-statements will appear in Section 2 of the SDS. Note: If a sheet was issued before the HCS 2012 took full effect the (M)SDS may not only be in a different format, it may not contain these statements. If you have a sheet like this in your collection you should attempt to find a current version. Remember that P-statements phrases only indicate the safety precautions that you need to follow when using the material, not the explicit hazards of the material. For hazards information see the Hazard Statements entry.

This section discusses SDS relevance, but the importance of H- and P-statements on labels is paramount so we will address that here. Per paragraph C.2.4 of Appendix C of HCS 2012, the P-statements will also appear on on the label, however they may sometimes be combined or omitted:

C.2.4.6

Precautionary statements may be combined or consolidated to save label space and improve readability. For example, "Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame," "Store in a well-ventilated place" and "Keep cool" can be combined to read "Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame and store in a cool, well-ventilated place."

C.2.4.7

In most cases, the precautionary statements are independent (e.g., the phrases for explosive hazards do not modify those related to certain health hazards, and products that are classified for both hazard classes shall bear appropriate precautionary statements for both). Where a chemical is classified for a number of hazards, and the precautionary statements are similar, the most stringent shall be included on the label (this will be applicable mainly to preventive measures). An order of precedence may be imposed by the chemical manufacturer, importer or responsible party in situations where phrases concern "Response." Rapid action may be crucial. For example, if a chemical is carcinogenic and acutely toxic, rapid action may be crucial, and first aid measures for acute toxicity will take precedence over those for long-term effects. In addition, medical attention to delayed health effects may be required in cases of incidental exposure, even if not associated with immediate symptoms of intoxication.

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