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Oliguria
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Definition
Oliguria (also called hypouresis) is a lower than normal volume of urine (less than or equal to 0.5 ml per kg of body weight per hour for adults or children).
Anuria is the absence of urine production.
Oligoanuria is somewhere between oliguria and anuria in which less than 100 mL of urine is produced per day. This level is also considered to be anuria in clinical practice.
Additional Info
Oliguria is a symptom of several potentially life-threatening conditions. Some examples include:
- Renal (kidney) failure due to trauma, toxins, a temporary obstruction, or decreased blood flow. Toxins specific to the kidneys are called nephrotoxins.
- Shock (due to diabetes, trauma or infection (septic shock) etc.).
It can also be an indication of dehydration caused by failure to drink enough fluids, something than can upset your body's electrolyte balance.
SDS Relevance
This term usually appears on Section 11 (toxicological information) of a material's Safety Data Sheet as a symptom of exposure to the material. However, oliguria has many other causes. Regardless, is can be a symptom of a much more serious condition such as renal (kidney) failure or prostrate problems, so don't just dismiss it. Watch for other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, etc. and consult a physician if you suspect a more significant problem. Definitely consult a physician if your urine output stops entirely.
As always, read the SDS's of the chemicals that you work with so you know and understand possible symptoms of exposure. And, of course, take the proper precautions to avoid exposure in the first place. Section 8 (exposure controls/personal protection) of the SDS will contain measures you can take to protect yourself such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and/or appropriate engineering controls
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Further Reading
- What Is Oliguria? at WebMD.
- What You Should Know About Decreased Urine Output as well as Anuria at Healthline.
- A simple overview of oliguira at the NIH's Medline Plus.
- An approach to the assessment of oligoanuria a clinical resource at Deranged Physiology.
- Oliguria at the Merck Manuals.
See also: nephrotoxin, PEL.